中

Structure 亠 | HanziFinder

6284 4IrAJblv
6101 踣
U+8E23 bó pòu
Variants: 䞳 䟔 仆 殕

* 跌倒。 屡～屡起。 * 倒毙，僵死，破灭。 ～其国家。～毙不振

to stumble and fall prone stiff in death

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_8E23
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
81_EEA981_EEAA81_EEAB
6102 諁
U+8AC1 chuò
Variants: 啜

* 多言不止

to suck, sip, sob, kiss; to chatter

6103 㰵
U+3C35 zú

* 拼音zú。 * 吮吸。 * 饮

to suck, to drink, to swallow

6104 譼
U+8B7C jiàn kàn jiān
Variants: 監

* 古同"监"

to supervise to confine a government establishment

Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
42_F69042_F69142_F692
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
33_E0FD33_E0FC33_E0FE33_E0FF33_E10433_E10133_E10333_E10233_E10033_E10532_E9B633_E106
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
52_F4B952_F4BA52_F4BB52_F4B552_F4B652_F4B752_F4BE52_F4BF52_F4BD52_F4BC56_F5F756_F5F856_F5F656_F5F9
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
71_E926
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_76E327_E6D7
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
83_EED783_EED883_EEDA83_EED983_EEDB83_EEDC83_EEDF83_EEE083_EEE183_EEDD83_EEDE83_EEE2
6105 䜋
U+470B huì
Variants: 𧭾

* 拼音huì。中止

to suspend; to interrupt, to become aware; to realize

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_E211
6106 噋
U+564B kuò tūn
Variants: 啍 諄

tūn:* 〔～～〕沉重缓慢的样子，如"大车～～。" kuò:* 敲击声

to swallow hastily; to gobble up

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_8AC4
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
81_F09481_F095
6107 䛱
U+46F1 tí

* 拼音tí。言不解

to talk unremittingly

6108 譐
U+8B50 zǔn
Variants: 噂

* 古同"噂"

to talk, converse

Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
81_E818
6109 啐
U+5550 cuì qi
Variants: 啛 𠯥 𠵒 𠻜

cuì:* 用力从嘴里吐出来。 ～一口痰。 * 唾人以表示鄙斥。 * 尝，小饮："不～酒。" qi:* 表示轻蔑的声音。 ～，这有什么了不起！

to taste, to sip; to spit; the sound of sipping; to surprise

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_5550
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
91_E79291_E79391_E794
6110 黥
U+9EE5 qíng jīng
Variants: 䵞 剠 𪐛

* 古代在人脸上刺字并涂墨之刑，后亦施于士兵以防逃跑。 ～首。 * 在人体上刺文字或图案并涂上颜色

to tattoo; to brand the face of criminals

Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
71_EB0B71_EB0A
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_9EE527_E8AA
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
71_EB0B71_EB0A
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
84_E53E
6111 䚾
U+46BE rén nín

* 拼音rén。念

to think of; to remember (someone), to read out aloud, (same as U+46D8 䛘)

6112 䚾
U+2F9CD nín rén

* 拼音rén。念

to think of; to remember (someone), to read out aloud, (same as U+46D8 䛘)

6113 䛘
U+46D8 rén nín

* 拼音rén。 * 信。 * 念

to think of; to remember (someone), to read out aloud, loquacious, guttural sound, noise; uproar; turmoil

6114 䩧
U+4A67 xiè

* 同"䩤"。 * 拼音xiè。 * 急系

to tie up hurriedly

6115 蹵
U+8E75 zú cù
Variants: 蹴

* 同"蹴"

to tread on; to kick

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_8E74
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
81_EE7481_EE73
6116 䚷
U+46B7 yì yǐ xì
Variants: 𧫦

* 拼音yī。诚言

to treat; to detain, according to one"s wishes, good words; honest; sincere words, an echo, joke; witticism; pleasantry; jest; fun

6117 㨰
U+3A30 hùn gé jié gǔn huò

* 拼音gǔn。转

to turn; to shift; to move

6118 㒅
U+3485 qǐ
Variants: 𧙾

* 拼音qǐ。开衣领

to unbind the collar

Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
83_EDE2
6119 䇓

* 拼音xū。立着等待

to wait for; to wait (same as 須) to stop at, to have to, a moment; a while, (interchangeable 需) to need; demand

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_E8D527_E8D6
6120 䇍
U+41CD chuò
Variants: 竐 齪

* 拼音chù。等

to wait, (same as 齪) tidy, prudent; careful; attentive, a person"s name

6121 躘
U+8E98 lóng lǒng
Variants: 𨀁

lóng:* 〔～蹱（ zhōng ）〕ａ．小孩儿走路的样子。ｂ．不强举。ｃ．老人行走的样子。均亦作"躘踵"、"龙钟"。 lǒng:* 行正

to walk

Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
81_EF16
6122 躞
U+8E9E xiè
Variants: 踥 𨄌 𨇾 𩧟

* 〔蹀～〕见"蹀"。 * 书卷的杆轴。 玉～

to walk

Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
81_EEFE
6123 㣶
U+38F6 zhān
Variants: 邅

* 拼音zhān。 * 走。 * 藏

to walk, to go, to hide; to conceal, very difficult to proceed

6124 徬
U+5FAC páng
Variants: 傍 𢔚

* 同"彷1"

to wander about, walk along side of; to be next to

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_5FAC
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
83_EC6E83_EC6F83_EC70
6125 䌟
U+431F bì
Variants: 𦈞

* 拼音bó。织丝为带

to weave silk ribbons, (interchangeable 澼) to wash; to launder

6126 䜏
U+470F tuō
Variants: 𧨪 𧩭

* 拼音tuō。 * 聪明。 * 退言

to withdraw; to decline, clever

Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
81_F28F
6127 裛
U+88DB yì

* 书套。 * 缠绕："～以藻绣，络以纶连。" * 用香熏："麝～战袍香。" * 古同"浥"，沾湿

to wrap and bind; damp; a book bag

Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
52_F51D52_F51E52_F51F
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_88DB
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
93_E183
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
83_EFA383_EFA4
6128 蟾
U+87FE chán

* 〔～蜍〕两栖动物，皮上有许多疙瘩，内有毒腺，形状像蛙。吃昆虫、蜗牛等，对农业有益。俗称"癞蛤蟆"、"疥蛤蟆"；古代称"蟾诸"。简称"蟾"，如"～酥"（色白，可入药）。"～宫"（月亮）。"～桂"。"～轮"（圆月）。"～辉"、"～光"、"～魄"（均指月光）。"～宫折桂"（旧喻科举考试登科）

toad

6129 滂
U+6EC2 pāng
Variants: 汸 沗 雱 𣶢 𣹿

* 形容水涌出。 ～流。～沱。～沛。～濞（ pì ）（ａ．形容水流相击的声音；ｂ．形容雨水量多；ｃ．形容众多）

torrential; voluminous

Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
38_E6A4
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_6EC2
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
93_EFE493_EFE593_EFE3
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
84_EB35
6130 縴
U+7E34 qiàn qiān
Variants: 撁 牽 纤

qiān:* 惡絮。 qiàn:* 拉船前行的繩子。 * 牽牲口的繩索

tow line

Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
71_E0C771_E0C8
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_727D
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
81_E6D681_E6D781_E6D881_E6D981_E6DA81_E6DB81_E6DD81_E6DC
6131 鄐
U+9110 chù

* 古邑名，中国春秋时属晋，约在今河北省邢台市附近。 * 姓

town in Henan province

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_9110
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
92_EC7192_EC6F92_EC70
6132 調
U+FAB9 diào tiáo
Variants: 调 調

* 均见"调"

transfer, move, change; tune

6133 調
U+8ABF diào tiào tiáo zhōu
Variants: 调 調

* 均见"调"

transfer, move, change; tune

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_8ABF
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
91_EDC991_EDCA91_EDCB
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
81_F12781_F12881_F12981_F12A
6134 訳
U+8A33 yì
Variants: 譯

* "譯"的日本簡體漢字

translate; decode; encode

Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
55_EE76
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_8B6F
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
81_F24C
6135 譯
U+8B6F yì
Variants: 訳 译 𧬳

* 把一種語言文字依照原義改變成另一種語言文字。 ～本。～文。～注。～著。～制。～音。口～。筆～。意～。直～。翻～。 * 解釋；闡述

translate; decode; encode

Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
55_EE76
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_8B6F
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
91_EEA391_EEA4
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
81_F24C
6136 薩
U+85A9 sà
Variants: 萨 蕯

* 见"萨"

transliteration of "sat" in "bodhisattva," etc

6137 楟
U+695F tíng

* 山梨

tree

6138 橦
U+6A66 tóng chōng chuáng
Variants: 㮔

tóng:* 古书上指木棉树。 chuáng:* 古代指旗杆、桅杆等

tree

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_6A66
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
92_E84292_E843
6139 檗
U+6A97 bò bì
Variants: 檘 蘖 蘗

* 〔黄～〕落叶乔木，木材坚硬，茎可制黄色染料，树皮入药。简称"檗"

tree

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_6A97
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
92_E6E8
6140 壕
U+58D5 háo
Variants: 濠 𡐒

* 护城河。 城～。 * 沟。 ～沟。～堑。战～。防空～。沟满～平

trench, ditch, channel, moat

6141 嬢
U+5B22 niáng
Variants: 孃

* 古同"爣"

troubled, oppressed; fat; mother

6142 孃
U+5B43 rǎng náng niáng ráng
Variants: 嬢

* 同"娘"

troubled, oppressed; fat; mother

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_5B43
6143 塙
U+5859 què
Variants: 墧 墽 確 𣤇

* 同"确"

truly

Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
53_F0E253_F0E353_F0E453_F0E553_F0E653_F0E753_F0E853_F0E953_F0EA53_F0EB53_F0ED53_F0EC
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_5859
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
84_E02284_E023
6144 信
U+4FE1 shēn xìn
Variants: 㐰 䚱 孞 訫 𡥪 𬢭

xìn:* 诚实，不欺骗。 ～用。～守。～物。～货。～誓旦旦。 * 不怀疑，认为可靠。 ～任。～托。～心。～念。 * 崇奉。 ～仰。～徒。 * 消息。 ～息。杳无音～。 * 函件。 ～件。～笺。～鸽。～访。 * 随便，放任。 ～手（随手）。～步（随意走动，散步）。～笔。～意。 * 同"芯"。 * 姓。 shēn:* 同"伸"，舒展开。 * 同"伸"，表白

trust, believe; letter

Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
35_EDAA33_EBAB35_EDAC35_EDAD31_EC3231_EC4335_EDB035_EDB135_EDB335_EDB4
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
51_ECE751_ECE851_ECE951_ECEA51_ECEB51_ECEC55_EE0555_EE0655_EE0F55_EE1055_EE1155_EE1255_EE1355_EE1455_EE1D55_EE1E55_EE1F55_EE2055_EE2155_EE2255_EE2355_EE2455_EE2555_EE2655_EE2755_EE2855_EE1555_EE1655_EE1755_EE1855_EE1955_EE1A55_EE1B55_EE1C55_EE0755_EE0855_EE0955_EE0A55_EE0C55_EE0D55_EE0E55_EE0B55_EE2955_EE2A55_EE2B55_EE2C55_EE2D55_EE2E55_EE2F55_EE3055_EE3155_EE3255_EE3655_EE3555_EE3355_EE3455_EE3755_EE3855_EE3955_EE3A55_EE3B55_EE3C55_EE3D55_EE3E55_EE3F55_EE4055_EE4155_EE4255_EE4355_EE4455_EE45
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
71_E23171_E232
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_4FE127_EDFF27_E1F0
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
91_ED7D91_ED7E91_ED7F91_ED8B91_ED8C91_ED8091_ED8171_E23171_E23291_ED8291_ED8391_ED8491_ED8591_ED8691_ED8791_ED8D91_ED8891_ED8991_ED8A
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
81_F0D081_F0D181_F0D281_F0D381_F0D481_F0D581_F0D681_F0D781_F0D881_F0D981_F0DA81_F0DB81_F0DC81_F0DD81_F0DE81_F0DF81_F0E081_F0E181_F0E281_F0E381_F0E481_F0E581_F0E681_F0E7
6145 㵷
U+3D77 biàn
Variants: 𤀲

* 拼音biàn。急流

turbulent flowing of the water, swift currents

6146 滚
U+6EDA gǔn
Variants: 滾 𣽙

* 水流翻腾。 大江～～东去。 * 形容急速地翻腾。 风烟～～。 * 水煮开，沸腾。 ～沸。～开。 * 旋转着移动。 ～动。翻～。后～翻。～筒。～珠。～雪球。 * 走开，离开（含斥责意） ～出去！ * 一种缝纫方法，沿着衣服等的边缘缝上布条、带子等。 ～边。 * 很，极，特别。 ～烫。～圆。～瓜流油

turn

Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
84_ED8C
6147 滾
U+6EFE gǔn
Variants: 滚 𣺓 𣽙

* 同"滚"

turn, roll, rotate; boil

Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
84_ED8C
6148 曈
U+66C8 tóng
Variants: 晍

* 〔～～〕ａ．日出很明亮的样子；ｂ．目光闪烁的样子。 * 〔～昽〕天将亮的样子

twilight just before sunrise

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_66C8
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
83_E185
6149 孿
U+5B7F luán
Variants: 㝈 孪 𤲶

* 见"孪"

twins

Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
34_E93D34_E93C
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_5B7F
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
85_EE8A85_EE8B85_EE8C
6150 绞
U+7EDE jiǎo
Variants: 絞

* 拧，扭紧，挤压。 ～车。～痛。～心。～肠痧（霍乱病的俗称）。～尽心力。 * 用绳子把人勒死。 ～刑。～杀。 * 缠绕。 ～缠。～结。 * 量词，用于纱或毛线等

twist, wring; intertwine; winch

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_7D5E
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
84_E61184_E612
6151 絞
U+7D5E xiáo jiǎo jiào
Variants: 绞

* 擰，扭緊，擠壓。 ～車。～痛。～心。～腸痧（霍亂病的俗稱）。～盡心力。 * 用繩子把人勒死。 ～刑。～殺。 * 纏繞。 ～纏。～結。 * 量詞，用於紗或毛線等

twist, wring; intertwine; winch

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_7D5E
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
93_EB5F
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
84_E61184_E612
6152 艕
U+8255 bàng
Variants: 𦪤

* 船互相挨靠。 码头上的船都～得很好

two boats fastened side by side

6153 珓
U+73D3 jiào
Variants: 筊 𥲯

* 〔杯～〕占卜的用具，多用两个蚌壳或像蚌壳的竹、木片做成，掷在地上，看它的俯仰，以此占卜吉凶，如"手持～～导我掷，云此最吉馀难同。"

two hemispherical objects used in divination

Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
51_E344
6154 䏁
U+43C1 zǎi

* 半聋，听不清

unable to hear distinctly or clearly

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_E9EE
6155 䛠
U+46E0 dòu xiáng
Variants: 㛒 𡟳 𧪧

* 拼音dòu。[～譳] 不能说话

unable to talk, incapable; inefficient

Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
51_ED3651_ED2551_ED2651_ED2751_ED2951_ED2A51_ED2B51_ED2D51_ED2E51_ED2F51_ED2C51_ED3051_ED3151_ED3251_ED3351_ED3451_ED3551_ED2851_ED3755_EE7B
6156 䜝
U+471D tuǎn

* 拼音tuǎn。 * 见。 * tuān。 * 哄骗。 中原官话。～他上钩| 你这个人多会～。 * 讨好、 巴结。西南官话

uncertain

6157 䙝
U+465D xiè dié
Variants: 褻

* 同"亵"

under garments, intimate with, dirty; ragged, undress; thus -- to treat with irreverence

Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
83_EF6A
6158 襯
U+896F chèn
Variants: 儭 衬

* 见"衬"

underwear; inner garments

6159 醅
U+9185 pēi
Variants: 𨟷 𨠙 𨡥

* 没滤过的酒："盘飧市远无兼味，樽酒家贫只旧～"

unstrained spirits

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_9185
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
85_EFD8
6160 㒕
U+3495 yāng

* 拼音yāng。[～降] 不伏

unyield

6161 膀
U+8180 bǎng bàng pǎng páng pāng
Variants: 胮 髈 𦜅 𦜶

bǎng:* 胳膊的上部靠肩的部分。 ～臂。肩～。～阔腰圆。 * 鸟类和昆虫的飞行器官。 翅～。～儿。 páng:* páng ㄆㄤˊ [膀胱]俗称尿脬，暂存尿液的囊状体，在骨盆腔内

upper arm; shoulder; wing

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_818027_E391
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
82_E6A0
6162 亷
U+4EB7 lián
Variants: 廉

* "廉"字异体

upright, honorable, honest

Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
71_EA4E
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_5EC9
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
83_F72383_F72483_F72583_F72683_F72783_F72883_F72983_F72A83_F72C83_F72B83_F72D83_F72E
6163 䠙
U+4819 bèi páng páo
Variants: 𨁳

* 拼音páng。 * 康熙字典解释是：。 * 《廣韻》 步光切《集韻》 蒲光切，音旁。《 玉篇》踉， 急行。《類篇》 欲行貌。 * 又《 集韻》《類篇》 蒲浪切，音傍。 義同

urgent; hurriedly

Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
71_E1DD
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
71_E1DD
6164 勷
U+52F7 xiāng ráng
Variants: 襄

ráng:* 行走的样子。 xiāng:* 古同"襄"，助；辅助

urgent; in haste, hurriedly; help

Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
45_EC9F45_ECA045_ECA145_ECA245_ECA345_ECA445_ECA5
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
33_E16033_E15F
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
52_E9F052_E9F152_E9F252_E9F3
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
71_E94371_E942
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_894427_E6EB
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
83_EF7183_EF7283_EF7383_EF7483_EF7583_EF7683_EF7783_EF78
6165 䛤
U+46E4 cù

* 拼音cù。 * 说话急促。 * "～～"北京官话。 * 低声碎语交谈： 他俩～～好半天了。 * 进谗； 挑唆：她爱在背后瞎～

urgently; hastily; hurriedly, a hasty speech

6166 㛙
U+36D9 shěn qín qiè shèn
Variants: 妾 𨐎

* 拼音qiè。同"妾"

used in girl"s name, (same as 妾) a concubine, (in old China) a polite term used by a woman to refer to herself when speaking to her husband

Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
33_F24B33_F24A
6167 䛃
U+46C3 wàng

* 同"翫"字。 字出《類聚名義抄( 観智院本)》 * 拼音wàn。 * 人名用字。 字出《類聚名義抄( 観智院本)》

used in person"s name

6168 曨
U+66E8 lóng
Variants: 昽

* 见"昽"

vague, dim; twilight

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_66E8
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
92_EDE6
6169 稺
U+7A3A zhì
Variants: 稚

* 同"稚"

variant of 穉 U+7A49, young grain; young, tender

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_EDEB
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
92_EFDF92_EFE092_EFE192_EFE292_EFE392_EFE592_EFE492_EFE6
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
83_E45083_E45183_E45283_E45383_E45483_E45583_E45683_E457
6170 辥
U+8FA5 xuē
Variants: 薛 辪

* 罪。 * 死刑。 * 同"薛"

variety of marsh grass

Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
43_F74443_F74543_F74643_F74743_F74843_F74943_F74A43_F74B43_F74C43_F74D43_F74E43_F74F
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
34_E7D034_E7CF34_E7CD34_E7CC34_E7CE
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
71_EED371_EED471_EED5
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_F0A3
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
71_EED371_EED471_EED594_EC9394_EC94
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
85_EE0D85_EE0E
6171 㵁
U+3D41

* 同"巟"

vast and boundless of flowing water, a water waste, to reach

6172 灏
U+704F hào
Variants: 灝

* 水势大， * 广大。水势如果浩大，则远看是白茫茫的一片，由此，"灏"又假借为"浩"，表示浩大。 * 〔～～〕空旷的样子。 * 古人名用字

vast, large, grand, expansive

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_705D
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
84_ECC084_ECC184_ECC2
6173 灝
U+705D hào
Variants: 灏

* 豆汁；豆漿。 * 通"浩"。水勢大。 * 用同"顥"。明凈

vast, large, grand, expansive

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_705D
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
84_ECC084_ECC184_ECC2
6174 䔂
U+4502 zǐ
Variants: 𦬷 𦭄

* 拼音zǐ。用菜做羹

vegetable soup, a kind of vegetable

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_E0B2
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
81_E49C
6175 蔬
U+852C xū shǔ shū
Variants: 疏

* 可做菜吃的植物（多属草本） ～菜。菜～。布衣～食

vegetables, greens

Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
53_EE5D53_EE5E53_EE5F58_E14458_E145
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
71_EEF7
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_852C
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
91_E54A
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
85_EED985_EEDA85_EEDB85_EEDC85_EEDD85_EEDE85_EEDF85_EEE085_EEE185_EEE2
6176 齋

* 古人在祭祀或舉行典禮前清心寡欲，凈身潔食，以示莊敬。 * 莊重；恭敬。 * 齋宮的簡稱。 * 房舍；屋子。 * 書房；學舍。 * 用於商店的名稱。學秋氏 * 專指僧道或其信徒誦經拜懺、禱祀求福等活動。 * 佛教的進餐用語。小乘禁過午食，以午前、午中進食為齋；大乘禁肉食，以素食為齋。後人據大乘別意，以素食為齋。北周釋道宣 * 布施。施捨飯食給僧、道或窮苦人。如：齋主；齋僧等。 * 通"𪗋"。喪服

vegetarian diet; study; to fast, abstain

Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
31_E0E235_E15635_E15735_E15835_E15935_E15A
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
51_E18E51_E18F51_E18D51_E19051_E19155_E1BF
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_9F4B27_E006
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
91_E0FE91_E0FF91_E10291_E10191_E10391_E10491_E100
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
81_E11981_E11A81_E11B
6177 䡶
U+4876 bèi pì

* 同"䡟"

vehicles and garments (commonloy used in feudal times to reward vassals), covering on the crossbar at the ends of carriage poles, crank axle of a shade

6178 谙
U+8C19 ān
Variants: 諳 𧩸

* 熟悉，精通。 ～练。～悉。～晓。～达。深～医道。 * 熟记，背诵。 ～记。～诵。一览便～

versed in, fully acquainted with

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_8AF3
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
81_F23C81_F23D81_F23E
6179 諳
U+8AF3 ān tǒu
Variants: 谙 𧩸 𧫧

* 见"谙"

versed in, fully acquainted with

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_8AF3
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
81_F23C81_F23D81_F23E
6180 䀍
U+400D kàn
Variants: 㔶

* 同"㔶"

vessel; container; a box; a chest; a trunk, a small cup

6181 塾
U+587E shú
Variants: 𡔊 𨶝 𨷙

* 旧时私人设立的教学的地方。 ～师。家～。私～。 * 古代指门内东西两侧的堂屋

village school; private tutorage

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_587E
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
85_E68285_E683
6182 醯

* 醋。 * 酰的旧称

vinegar; pickle; acid

Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
71_E4F5
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_91AF
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
71_E4F592_E33792_E338
6184 謁
U+8B01 yè
Variants: 谒 靄 謁 謁

* 见"谒"

visit, pay respects to

Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
71_E21471_E21571_E21671_E21871_E217
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_8B01
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
71_E21471_E21571_E21671_E21771_E21891_ECF991_ECFA91_ECFB91_ECFC91_ECFE91_ECFF91_ED0091_ED0191_ECFD
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
81_F04281_F04381_F04481_F04581_F046
6186 訪
U+8A2A fǎng
Variants: 昘 访 𧪃

* 见"访"

visit; ask, inquire

Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
55_EDFD
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_8A2A
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
91_ED5191_ED52
6187 喨
U+55A8 liàng

* （声音）响亮。非常响亮的声音，有如山崩地裂的声音

wail, cry, yell; neigh

Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
81_E907
6188 竢
U+7AE2 sì
Variants: 俟 𡱢 𢈟 𢉡

* 同"俟1"

wait for, wait until, as soon as

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_E8D227_E8D3
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
93_EC18
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
84_E6D384_E6D4
6189 䠨
U+4828 mà chàn
Variants: 𨅧

* 拼音chàn。马急行

walking rapidly, (said of a horse)

6190 薺
U+85BA qi cí qí jì qì
Variants: 荠 萕

jì:* [薺菜]十字花科。草本植物。葉羽狀分裂，花白色。嫩葉可食。全草入藥。 qí:* [荸薺]见"荸"

water-chestnuts; caltrop

Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
34_EF4F
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
55_E3D7
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_85BA
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
81_E3BF
6191 織

zhī:* 用絲、麻、棉紗、毛線等編成布或衣物等。 ～布。編～。～女（❶織布、織綢的女子；❷指織女星）。棉～物。 * 引申為構成。 羅～罪名。 * 用染絲織成的錦或彩綢。 ～錦。～文（即"織錦"）。～貝（織成貝文的錦）。 zhì:* 古同"幟"，旗幟

weave, knit; organize, unite

Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
33_F409
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
71_ED1971_ED1A71_ED1B
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_7E54
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
71_ED1971_ED1A71_ED1B94_E1B394_E1B494_E1B5
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
85_E14C85_E14D85_E14E85_E14F85_E15085_E15185_E15285_E15385_E15485_E15585_E156
6192 啼

* 哭，出声地哭。 ～哭。～泣。悲～。～笑皆非。 * 鸟兽叫。 ～鸣。～叫。虎啸猿～

weep, whimper; howl, twitter

Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
91_E7B5
6193 泫
U+6CEB xuán juān xuàn
Variants: 玄

* 水珠下滴。 ～泣（流泪）。～然流涕

weep; cry; shine, glisten

Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
31_F6BD31_F6C231_F6C031_F6BF31_F6CB31_F6C431_F6C631_F6BE31_F6C331_F6C131_F6C731_F6CC31_F6C831_F6C931_F6CD31_F6CE31_F6CA31_F6C531_F6D131_F6D031_F6D331_F6CF31_F6D231_F6D831_F6D431_F6D631_F6D7
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
51_F61251_F61351_F60F51_F61051_F61151_E3AA51_F60851_F60951_F60A51_F60B51_F60E51_F60C51_F60D56_E17956_E17A56_E17B56_E178
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
71_E3F7
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_6CEB
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
93_EFE093_EFE293_EFE1
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
82_E53182_E53282_E53382_E53482_E53582_E53682_E53782_E53882_E53982_E53A82_E53B82_E53C82_E53D82_E53E82_E53F82_E540
6194 熟

* 食物烧煮到可吃的程度。 饭～了。 * 植物的果实或种子长成，又特指庄稼可收割或有收成。 成～。瓜～蒂落。 * 程度深。 ～睡。～思（经久而周密地思考）。深思～虑。 * 做某种工作时间长了，精通而有经验。 ～练。娴～。～习。～能生巧。 * 习惯，常见，知道清楚。 ～人。～悉。～记（强记）。轻车～路。 * 经过加工炼制的。 ～铁。～皮子。～石膏。～石灰

well-cooked; ripe; familiar with

Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
71_E2CF71_E2D091_F08491_F08591_F08691_F08791_F08891_F08991_F08B91_F08A91_F08C91_F08D91_F08F91_F09091_F09191_F09291_F093
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
84_E50084_E501
6195 䭘
U+4B58 yǐng yàn
Variants: 䬬 䭊 䭗 鐛

* 拼音yǐng。 * 饱满。 * yǐng表示程度的后缀。 吴语。饱～～（ 很饱的感觉）

well-stacked (figure, etc.); full; plump, food, cakes

Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
82_EF8782_EF8882_EF89
6196 墒
U+5892 shāng

* 新耕土。 * 田地里土壤的湿度。 ～情。保～

wet tilth

6197 鯨
U+9BE8 qíng jīng
Variants: 䲔 鲸 𩼃

* 水栖哺乳綱動物，生長在海洋中，形狀像魚，胎生，鼻孔在頭的上部，用肺呼吸。體長可達三十米，是現在世界上最大的動物。（俗稱"鯨魚"） ～吞。～鯢（即"鯨"，喻兇惡的人）

whale

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_E9C327_9BE8
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
93_F316
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
84_EFA684_EFA784_EFA8
6198 鲸
U+9CB8 qíng jīng
Variants: 䲔 鯨 𩼃

* 水栖哺乳纲动物，生长在海洋中，形状像鱼，胎生，鼻孔在头的上部，用肺呼吸。体长可达三十米，是现在世界上最大的动物。（俗称"鲸鱼"） ～吞。～鲵（即"鲸"，喻凶恶的人）

whale

Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_E9C327_9BE8
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
84_EFA684_EFA784_EFA8
6199 缟
U+7F1F gǎo
Variants: 縞

* 未经染色的绢。 * 白色："连观霜～，周除冰净"。～素

white raw silk

Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
53_EBAA53_EBAB53_EBAC53_EBAF53_EBB053_EBB153_EBA053_EBA153_EBA253_EBA353_EBA453_EBA553_EBA653_EBA753_EBA853_EBAD53_EBAE
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_7E1E
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
85_E1E185_E1E285_E1E3
6200 縞
U+7E1E gǎo
Variants: 缟

* 未經染色的絹。 * 白色："連觀霜～，周除冰淨"。～素

white raw silk

Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
53_EBAA53_EBAB53_EBAC53_EBAF53_EBB053_EBB153_EBA053_EBA153_EBA253_EBA353_EBA453_EBA553_EBA653_EBA753_EBA853_EBAD53_EBAE
Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_7E1E
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
94_E267
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
85_E1E185_E1E285_E1E3
6201 皜
U+769C gǎo hào
Variants: 皓 𤾘

* 同"皓"

white, bright; clear, pure