中

聆

Unicode: U+8046

Pinyin: líng

Definition

* 听。 ～听。～取。～教（ jiào ）

listen, hear

Structure

聆 graph

Related substructures

szS3ldq5 ICoqsROW gJAIOW1U BypVvgMb 6MLpQRou

Precursors

Oracle Bone Script
c. 1300–1050 BCE (Late Shang)
Inscriptions carved on turtle plastrons and animal bones for divination and record-keeping in the late Shang royal court; the oldest large attested corpus of written Chinese.Wikipedia ->
43_E09A43_E09B43_E09C43_E09D43_E09E43_E09F43_E0A043_E0A143_E0A243_E0A343_E0A443_E0A543_E0A643_E0A743_E0A843_E0A943_E0AA43_E0AB43_E0AC43_E0AD43_E0AE43_E0AF43_E0B043_E0B143_E0B243_E0B343_E0B443_E0B543_E0B643_E0B743_E0B843_E0B943_E0BA43_E0BB43_E0BC43_E0BD43_E0BE43_E0BF43_E0C043_E0C143_E0C243_E0C343_E0C443_E0C543_E0C643_E0C743_E0C843_E0C943_E0CA43_E0CB43_E0CC
Bronze Inscriptions
c. 1200–221 BCE (Shang–Zhou; continues into the Warring States)
Inscriptions cast or engraved on ritual bronzes, especially prominent from the Western Zhou onward; a major source for early political, ritual, and social history.Wikipedia ->
33_E60B33_E60933_E60833_E60A33_E64733_E61F33_E61533_E61C33_E61833_E61733_E60D33_E61D33_E61333_E61E33_E61233_E61133_E61A33_E61B33_E61633_E62233_E60C33_E64533_E61033_E61433_E60E33_E64633_E60F33_E62733_E61933_E62333_E63733_E63533_E62D33_E63333_E62A33_E62B33_E62033_E62433_E62133_E62533_E62833_E62E33_E62933_E62C33_E62F33_E63B33_E63133_E63633_E63833_E63033_E63D33_E63C33_E63233_E62633_E63F33_E64033_E64133_E63E33_E63933_E63A33_E63433_E64233_E64433_E643
Chu Script
c. 770–221 BCE (Chu, Spring & Autumn–Warring States)
A regional script tradition used in the state of Chu, best known from brush-written bamboo and silk manuscripts with distinctive local forms.Wikipedia ->
51_E69D51_E69E51_E69F51_E6A051_E6A151_E6B151_E6CE56_F84056_F84156_F84256_F84356_F84456_F84656_F84551_E6DA51_E6DB51_E6DC51_E6DD51_E6C351_E6C551_E6C651_E6C451_E6B351_E6BE51_E6BF51_E6C051_E6C151_E6CB51_E6C851_E6C251_E6C951_E6B451_E6B551_E6B951_E6BA51_E6BB51_E6CC51_E6BC51_E6BD51_E6B751_E6B8
Qin Script
c. 475–206 BCE (Qin, Warring States → Qin dynasty)
Qin-area character forms attested on bamboo/wood slips (e.g., Shuihudi, deposited 217 BCE), overlapping chronologically with the standardization of seal script and the emergence of clerical tendencies.Wikipedia ->
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Small Seal Script
Standardized 221–206 BCE (Qin); developed earlier in Qin
The standardized seal script promulgated after Qin’s unification, based on earlier Qin seal forms and used as an empire-wide norm.Wikipedia ->
27_8046
Clerical Script
c. 300 BCE–220 CE (emerged late Warring States/Qin; dominant Han)
A practical script that evolved from late Warring States/Qin writing; it matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, favoring faster, more rectilinear strokes.Wikipedia ->
93_F4F3
Transmitted Pre-Qin Forms
Pre-Qin forms (≤221 BCE) / late 2nd century BCE onward (Han → later textual transmission)
Pre-Qin character forms preserved through later textual transmission (often discussed as the 'Old Text' / guwen tradition). Shaped by repeated copying, they can diverge from excavated Warring States materials.Wikipedia ->
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Last Modified: 2026-01-29 11:48 UTC